Like any mathematical model of the real world, fluid mechanics makes some basic assumptions. Aug 29, 2018 fluid mechanics notes fm complete pdf notes notes. A flowinmg liquid may be regarded as consisting of a number of layers one above the other. Introduction fluid mechanics concerns the study of the motion of fluids in general liquids and gases and the forces acting on them. Pressure and fluid statics pressure for a static fluid, the only stress is the normal stress since by definition a fluid subjected to a shear stress must deform and undergo motion. Density is the mass per unit volume of a substance or object, defined as \\rho \fracmv\. With intersection occurring at q1600 galmin with the corresponding actual head gained equal to 66. Cpu business and technology college lecture note 5 may102020 chapter three fluid mechanics fluid. Physics notes class 11 chapter mechanical properties of fluids. Fluid mechanics fm pdf notes free download 2020 sw. Fluid mechanics is the science that deals with behavior of fluids at rest fluid statics or in.
A fluid starts moving even with the smallest shear stress. When an object is submerged in a liquid at rest, the fluid exerts a force on its surface normally. A fluid at rest obeys hydrostatic equilibrium where its pressure increases with depth to balance its weight. As already noted, p is a scalar, which can be easily demonstrated by considering the equilibrium of forces on a wedgeshaped fluid element. The pressure at the bottom of a fluid can be expressed in terms of the density. Pressure at a point the average pressure is calculated by dividing the normal force pushing against a plate area by the area. From basics to the millennium problem laurent schoeffel 4 ii according to the laws of fluid mechanics, as we shall prove them, this implies that an acceleration field is generated from high pressures to low pressures. Fundamentals we normally recognize three states of matter.
Chapter 10 lecture notes university of oklahoma physics. Atmospheric pressure is also measured in torr and bar. Fluid mechanics note pdf download lecturenotes for free. P f a, or in terms of magnitude, p mga, where mg is the weight of the fluid. Lecture notes institute of aeronautical engineering. The differential mass being accelerated by the action of these differential forces is, bernoullis equationthe onedimensional euler equation can be easily integrated between any points because. For simplicity, we will examine perfect gases, which have the equation of state. Click below to download mechanical properties of fluids part 2. This module will assist you in developing skills that will be very useful in your engineering career. Because a fluid cannot resist deformation force, it moves, or flows under the action of the force. Mechanical properties of fluids class 11 notes physics chapter 10 fluids are the sustances which can flow e.
Sep 03, 2014 pdf on sep 3, 2014, simon j a malham published lecture notes introductory fluid mechanics find, read and cite all the research you need on researchgate. Fluids occur, and often dominate physical phenomena, on all macroscopic nonquantum length scales of the known universefrom the megaparsecs of galactic structure down to the micro and even nanoscales of biological cell activity. Sep 20, 2019 fluid mechanics notes pdf fm notes pdf starts with the topics covering introduction to dimensions and units physical properties of fluids specific gravity, viscosity, surface tension. In fluid mechanics, there are only four primary dimensions from which all the dimensions can be derived. Swain page 14 water hammer or, more generally, fluid hammer is a pressure surge or wave caused when a fluid usually a liquid but sometimes also a gas in motion is forced to stop or change direction suddenly momentum. Fluid mechanics 1 chapter 2 fluids at rest pressure and its effects fluid mechanics i. What this means that the pressure on the small cube in figure 2. But before we can delve into this topic, we must first define a few fundamental quantities. The power of a stream of fluida stream of fluid could do work as a result of its pressure p, velocity v and elevation z and that the total energy per unit weight h of the fluid is given by 4. Fluid mechanics 1 is a core unit in the diplmoa and in the advanced diploma in engineering mechanical stream. Click below to download mechanical properties of fluids part 1.
Fluid mechanics is of fundamental importance as it talks both about the fluids both at rest and in motion. In fluid mechanics the following properties of fluid would be considered i when the fluid is at rest hydrostatics ii when the fluid is in motion hydrodynamics. This text was written for an introductory course in fluid mechanics. Thus mass per unit volume of a fluid is called density. The mechanics of compression of a fluid may be demonstrated by imagining the cylinder and piston of fig.
Laws of physics, but rather apply newtons laws of mechanics to fluids. Fluid velocity in a confined region in reality, unless the fluid is flowing very fast or very slow, there is a significant velocity distribution that for flow of a newtonian fluid in a pipe is parabolic figure 3. Fluid mechanics science that deals with the behavior of fluids at rest hydrostatics or in motion fluid dynamics, and the interaction of fluids with solids or other fluids at the boundaries. Vapor pressure and their influences on fluid motion pressure at a point, pascals law, hydrostatic law, etc.
Swain page 14 water hammer or, more generally, fluid hammer is a pressure surge or wave caused when a fluid usually a liquid but sometimes also a gas in motion is forced to stop or change direction suddenly momentum change. The expressions fluid particle and point in a fluid are to be understood in this sense. Water is drawn from a reservoir, in which the water level is 240 m above datum, at the rate of 0. Physics notes chapter 9 fluid mechanics fluids fluids are materials that flow, which include both liquids and gases. In our analysis of fluids it is necessary to understand the concepts of density and pressure. Slide notes hydrostatics and bernoullis principle 1. Hydrostatics and bernoulli principle teaching notes. Points at the same depth below the surface are all at the same pressure, regardless of the shape fluid mechanics key facts 25.
Action of forces on fluids and the resulting flow pattern. This is more obvious for civil engineers but is equally valid for structural engineers. Mass of fluid volume of fluid its units,kgm3 temperature increase with density decrease pressure increase with density increase to estimate the density from characteristic gas equation of pv mrt r 287jkgk or 0. A fluid is a state of matter that yields to sideways or shearing forces. Pdf notes on fluid mechanics contents vikram singh meena. Mechanical properties of fluids class 11 notes physics. Giovanni seminara from the university of genoa to whom i am deeply indebted. Lecture 1 basic concepts and properties of fluids nptel.
Smits book \a physical introduction to fluid mechanics, and the book \engineering fluid mechanics by crowe, elger, roberson, and williams. We like to make analogies of pressure with weight balancing on an area. Fluids occur, and often dominate physical phenomena, on all macroscopic nonquantum length scales of the known universefrom the megaparsecs of galactic. Steady flow stream line flow it is the flow in which the velocity of fluid particles crossing a particular point is the same at all the times. These lecture notes were originally written for the course in \ fluid dynamics, taught in laquila within the mathmods, erasmus mundus msc course. Download fluid mechanics made easy academy new edition mechanical engineering study material for gate ies psus exam preparation in the form of handwritten notes. Physical behaviour of fluids and fluid systems and laws governing their behaviour. Fluid statics deals with action of forces on fluids at rest or in equilibrium. System equation for this particular flow system and reveals how much actual head the fluid will need to gain from the pump to maintain a certain flowrate. Fundamentals of fluid mechanics chapter 12 pumps and turbines.
A fluid is a substance that deforms continuously under the application of shear tangential stress no matter how small the shear stress may be. Pressure at a point and pressure field also stress field in a fluid okay, were going to skip the math heavy derivations for these things, because you will not be tested on your ability to derive stuff in the class, but rather your ability to understand and apply the physics related to fluids to solve engineering problems. The pressure at a point is the limit of the ratio of normal force to area, as the. Fluid mechanics notes pdf fm notes pdf starts with the topics covering introduction to dimensions and units physical properties of fluids specific gravity, viscosity, surface tension. Thus, fluid comprise the liquid and gas or vapour phases of the physical forms in which matter exists. The normal force exerted by a liquid per unit area of the surface in contact is called pressure of liquid orhydrostatic pressure. Chapter notes, fluid mechanics, class 11, physics iitjee. You were also probably introduced to the concept of pressure in high school, and. Pdf made easy academy fluid mechanics handwritten notes for. Definition of a fluid and newtons law of viscosity. A large body of the material presented here is based on notes written by prof. Fluid mechanics is the scienceand technology of fluids either at rest fluid statics or in motion fluid dynamics.
Youll nd similarities to those texts or classes for good reason, but my goal was to present them in a new light or with a di erent approach. The solutions manual is available in cd form directly from the publisher upon. Engineering fluid mechanics 4 contents contents notation7 1 fluid statics 14 1. Engineering fluid mechanics staffordshire university. Gauge pressure is the change in pressure relative to atmospheric pressure calculated by. Nov 21, 2019 properties of fluids density or mass density. Pressure variation in two immiscible fluids, manometer, barometer. Physics notes of mechanical properties of fluids download pdf. Fluid mechanics study material for iit jee askiitians. One of the basic assumptions of fluid mechanics is that the fluid velocity at the wall is zero i. The sand will need to be levelled off or the can will not float vertically and.
Download pdf of fluid mechanics note offline reading, offline notes, free download in app, engineering class handwritten notes, exam notes, previous year questions, pdf free download. Fluids and the noslip condition fluid mechanics is the scienceand technology of fluids either at rest fluid statics or in motion fluid dynamics and their effects on boundaries such as solid surfaces or interfaces with other fluids. Most of the material in this chapter is taken from young and freedman, chap. Prakash chandra swain professor in civil engineering veer surendra sai university of technology, burla branch civil engineering specializationwater resources engineering. Density or mass density of a fluid is defined as the ratio of the mass of a fluid to its volume. Dthe voluteshaped casing, with its increase area in the direction of flow, is used to produce an essentially uniform velocity distribution as the fluid moves around the casing into the discharge opening. Application of a force, f, to piston will increase the pressure, p, in the fluid and cause the volume decrease dv. Notes for the level 1 lecture course in fluid mechanics. Pressure is an important variable in fluid mechanics and. Notes for the level 1 lecture course in fluid mechanics department of civil engineering, university of tikrit. That is, properties such as density, pressure, temperature, and velocity are. In fluid mechanics the following properties of fluid would be considered i when the fluid is at rest hydrostatics ii when the fluid is in motion hydrodynamics pressure exerted by the liquid the normal force exerted by a liquid per unit area of the surface in contact is called pressure of liquid orhydrostatic pressure. These notes are of made easy academy coaching institute.
Ea706 fluid mechanics 1 introduction to the module welcome to ea706 fluid mechanics 1. A substance that deforms continuously when subjected to a shear stress. Notes on fluid dynamics these notes are meant for my phy2. How large a force does the atmosphere exert on a 2 cm2 area on. Fluid kinematics deals with geometry of motion of fluids without considering the cause of motion. Fluid dynamics deals with the motion of fluids considering the cause of motion. Resultant force and centre of pressure on a curved surface in a static fluid. From basics to the millennium problem laurent schoeffel 3 1. It is the normal force exerted by a fluid per unit area. Introduction to fluid mechanics fluid mechanics is the branch of science that studies the dynamic properties e. Hence, all free bodies in fluid statics have only normal pressure forces acting on them. Fluid statics fluid mechanics is basically a study of.
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